Những chữ số đầu tiên của mã vạch chỉ xuất xứ của sản phẩm
- Made in China: 690-692 (tránh hàng hóa, nhất là lương thực thực phẩm) có mã này
- Made in VN: 893,
Lưu ý: 890 la made in India
- Made in the Netherlands: 87
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Friday, January 2, 2009
Để cho bé có 1 hàm răng khỏe đẹp
* Không cho trẻ ăn/uống quá 7 lần/ngày (ba bữa chính + không quá 4 lần ăn vặt)
* Đánh răng (sử dụng loại kem đánh răng dành cho trẻ): 1 lần/ngày trước khi đi ngủ (đánh răng ngay từ khi cái răng đầu tiên xuất hiện). Khi bé được 2 tuổi thì đánh răng 2 lần/ngày
* Không cho bé uống từ bình mút hay bình sữa.
* Đánh răng (sử dụng loại kem đánh răng dành cho trẻ): 1 lần/ngày trước khi đi ngủ (đánh răng ngay từ khi cái răng đầu tiên xuất hiện). Khi bé được 2 tuổi thì đánh răng 2 lần/ngày
* Không cho bé uống từ bình mút hay bình sữa.
Tuesday, December 30, 2008
Windows of achievement for 6 gross motor milestones
Nhìn vào biểu đồ có thể thấy mức dao động trong sự phát triển của trẻ lớn đến thế nào. Thế nên, các ông bố bà mẹ không cần phải tiêu tốn sức lực vào việc so sánh con mình với con hàng xóm hay lo lắng khi tự cho rằng con mình "chậm phát triển"
thuốc kháng sinh - antibiotics
Thuốc kháng sinh được dùng để chống lại vi khuẩn (bacteria) chứ không phải để chống lại vi trùng hay siêu vi (virus). Do đó, việc chuẩn đoán bệnh do vi trùng hay vi khuẩn gây ra rất quan trọng. Ví dụ: cúm (flu) và cảm (common cold) đều do virus gây ra hay viêm tai ở trẻ em thường do vi khuẩn gây ra.
Chỉ sự dụng thuốc kháng sinh khi thật sự cần thiết. Sử dụng kháng sinh thường xuyên sẽ dẫn đến "lờn" thuốc. Khi cho trẻ uống kháng sinh thì lưu ý phải uống ĐỦ liều (không tự tiện ngưng hay cắt bớt), thậm chí khi trẻ đã bớt.
Viêm tai ở trẻ là một bệnh rất thường gặp (khoảng 2/3 trẻ bị mắc chứng này trong 2 năm đầu đời). Viêm tai có thể do cảm hay cúm gây ra vì khi trẻ bị cảm hay cúm, tai giữa của trẻ bị ẩm - môi trường thuận lợi cho vi khuẩn phát triển. Trẻ bị viêm tai hay khóc khi ăn (cử động nuốt làm trẻ bị đau) hoặc khó ngủ (nằm gây áp lực lên tại) & sốt.
Còn trong trường hợp cảm thông thường thì không nên quá lo lắng. Sự chiến đấu chống lại nhiễm trùng & bệnh sẽ giúp cho hệ miễn dịch của trẻ phát triển.
Chỉ sự dụng thuốc kháng sinh khi thật sự cần thiết. Sử dụng kháng sinh thường xuyên sẽ dẫn đến "lờn" thuốc. Khi cho trẻ uống kháng sinh thì lưu ý phải uống ĐỦ liều (không tự tiện ngưng hay cắt bớt), thậm chí khi trẻ đã bớt.
Viêm tai ở trẻ là một bệnh rất thường gặp (khoảng 2/3 trẻ bị mắc chứng này trong 2 năm đầu đời). Viêm tai có thể do cảm hay cúm gây ra vì khi trẻ bị cảm hay cúm, tai giữa của trẻ bị ẩm - môi trường thuận lợi cho vi khuẩn phát triển. Trẻ bị viêm tai hay khóc khi ăn (cử động nuốt làm trẻ bị đau) hoặc khó ngủ (nằm gây áp lực lên tại) & sốt.
Còn trong trường hợp cảm thông thường thì không nên quá lo lắng. Sự chiến đấu chống lại nhiễm trùng & bệnh sẽ giúp cho hệ miễn dịch của trẻ phát triển.
Sunday, November 30, 2008
Nhiều khi rỗi (đúng hơn là không muốn làm việc tử tế), lang thang vào các forum nuôi dạy trẻ... đọc lung tung rồi thắc mắc lung tung
- tại sao trẻ con phải càng to càng béo? Có bà mẹ con 9 tháng tuổi, nặng 10kg mà vẫn kêu còm. Có bé 10 tháng năng trên 14kg, dài 84 cm, ngày ăn 9 bữa - đọc mà choáng váng (theo thống kê của WHO cho bé gái thì 14kg ứng với đường 50% là 3 tuổi, 84cm là 19 tháng tuổi).
- tại sao lại cho bé ăn liên tục cả ngày (thế thì thời gian đâu để cơ thể tiêu hóa & hấp thụ thức ăn)? Kỷ lục đọc được là 14 lần/ngày cho 1 bé 7 tháng tuổi.
- tại sao phải nhồi nhét bé đủ kiểu thức ăn & thuốc bổ (thậm chí cho uống thuốc do "được mách" chứ không phải do bác sĩ hướng dẫn)? Sức khỏe đâu chỉ thể hiện bằng chiều cao cân nặng (mà chưa hẳn rất cao hay rất nặng đã là tốt - cao quá khổ sẽ gặp nhiều trở ngại trong sinh hoạt; nặng quá - béo phì thì khỏi phải nói rồi, bao nhiêu là nguy cơ bệnh)
- tại sao lại cho bé bú đêm thay vì để bé ngủ đẫy giấc đến sáng? Chẳng phải bé "tăng trưởng" trong khi ngủ sao? Rất nhiều bé đã 3-4 tuổi mà vẫn bú đêm.
- tại sao cứ phải xay nghiền tất tần tật thật nhuyễn thật nhừ, ngay cả khi bé đã có răng & thậm chí đã đến tuổi đi học? Nhai giúp phát triển cơ hàm, hỗ trợ bé tập nói thì sao không cho bé tập nhai sớm hơn?
- tại sao...
- tại sao...
- tại sao...
- tại sao trẻ con phải càng to càng béo? Có bà mẹ con 9 tháng tuổi, nặng 10kg mà vẫn kêu còm. Có bé 10 tháng năng trên 14kg, dài 84 cm, ngày ăn 9 bữa - đọc mà choáng váng (theo thống kê của WHO cho bé gái thì 14kg ứng với đường 50% là 3 tuổi, 84cm là 19 tháng tuổi).
- tại sao lại cho bé ăn liên tục cả ngày (thế thì thời gian đâu để cơ thể tiêu hóa & hấp thụ thức ăn)? Kỷ lục đọc được là 14 lần/ngày cho 1 bé 7 tháng tuổi.
- tại sao phải nhồi nhét bé đủ kiểu thức ăn & thuốc bổ (thậm chí cho uống thuốc do "được mách" chứ không phải do bác sĩ hướng dẫn)? Sức khỏe đâu chỉ thể hiện bằng chiều cao cân nặng (mà chưa hẳn rất cao hay rất nặng đã là tốt - cao quá khổ sẽ gặp nhiều trở ngại trong sinh hoạt; nặng quá - béo phì thì khỏi phải nói rồi, bao nhiêu là nguy cơ bệnh)
- tại sao lại cho bé bú đêm thay vì để bé ngủ đẫy giấc đến sáng? Chẳng phải bé "tăng trưởng" trong khi ngủ sao? Rất nhiều bé đã 3-4 tuổi mà vẫn bú đêm.
- tại sao cứ phải xay nghiền tất tần tật thật nhuyễn thật nhừ, ngay cả khi bé đã có răng & thậm chí đã đến tuổi đi học? Nhai giúp phát triển cơ hàm, hỗ trợ bé tập nói thì sao không cho bé tập nhai sớm hơn?
- tại sao...
- tại sao...
- tại sao...
Nhu cầu dinh dưỡng của trẻ từ 1 đến 4 tuổi
- Bánh mì: 1-3 lát
- Khoai tây/cơm/mì (nguồn carbonhydrate/bột): 50-100g
- Rau: 50-100g
- Hoa quả: 100-200g
- Sữa ít béo (& các sản phẩm từ sữa): 300ml
- Phó mát: 10g
- Thịt cá hay đậu phụ (nguồn protein/đạm): 50g
- Dầu/bơ thực vật: 20g (5g cho bánh mì & 15g cho nấu nướng)
- Nước (kể cả sữa): 800ml
- Khoai tây/cơm/mì (nguồn carbonhydrate/bột): 50-100g
- Rau: 50-100g
- Hoa quả: 100-200g
- Sữa ít béo (& các sản phẩm từ sữa): 300ml
- Phó mát: 10g
- Thịt cá hay đậu phụ (nguồn protein/đạm): 50g
- Dầu/bơ thực vật: 20g (5g cho bánh mì & 15g cho nấu nướng)
- Nước (kể cả sữa): 800ml
Friday, August 15, 2008
Babies and solid foods: What to serve when
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-baby/PR00029
Most babies are ready for solid foods between ages 4 months and 6 months. Here's when — and how — to make the transition from breast milk or formula to solid foods.
Does your baby seem interested in what you're eating? Does your baby open his or her mouth if you offer a spoon? It might be time to introduce solid foods. But don't retire those bottles or nursing pillows just yet. Make the transition to solid foods gradually.
Is your baby ready for solid foods?
Breast milk or formula is the only food your newborn needs. Within four to six months, however, your baby will begin to develop the coordination to move solid food from the front of the mouth to the back for swallowing. At the same time, your baby's head control will improve and he or she will learn to sit with support — essential skills for eating solid foods.
Most babies are ready to begin eating solid foods as a complement to breast-feeding or formula-feeding between ages 4 months and 6 months. Look for these cues:
* Can your baby hold his or her head in a steady, upright position?
* Can your baby sit with support?
* Is your baby interested in what you're eating?
If you answer no to any of these questions, you may want to postpone solids for a while.
What to serve when
Continue feeding your baby breast milk or formula as usual. When your baby's doctor or dietitian says it's OK to begin supplementing your baby's liquid diet:
* Start with baby cereal. Mix 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of a single-grain, iron-fortified baby cereal with 4 to 5 teaspoons (20 to 25 milliliters) of breast milk or formula. Many parents start with rice cereal. Even if the cereal barely thickens the liquid, resist the temptation to serve it from a bottle. Instead, help your baby sit upright and offer the cereal with a small spoon once or twice a day. Once your baby gets the hang of swallowing runny cereal, mix it with less liquid. For variety, you might offer single-grain oatmeal or barley cereals.
Some babies eat cereal with gusto right from the start. Others are less enthusiastic. Be patient. If your baby isn't interested, wait a week or two and try again.
* Add pureed meat, vegetables and fruits. Once your baby masters cereal, gradually introduce pureed meat, vegetables and fruits. Offer single-ingredient foods at first, and wait one week between each new food. If your baby has a reaction to a particular food — such as diarrhea, rash or vomiting — you'll know the culprit.
* Offer finely chopped finger foods. By ages 8 months to 10 months, most babies can handle small portions of finely chopped finger foods, such as soft fruits, well-cooked pasta, graham crackers and ground meat. As your baby approaches his or her first birthday, mashed or chopped versions of whatever the rest of the family is eating will become your baby's main fare. Continue to offer breast milk or formula with and between meals.
To help prevent food allergies, parents were once encouraged to avoid feeding young children eggs, fish and peanut butter. Today, however, researchers say there's no convincing evidence that avoiding these foods during early childhood will help prevent food allergies. Still, it's a good idea to check with your baby's doctor or dietitian if any close relatives have a food allergy. And remember that peanut butter poses a choking hazard for babies.
What about juice?
You can offer mild, 100 percent fruit juices when your baby is 9 months old. Juice isn't a necessary part of a baby's diet, however, and it's not as valuable as the original fruit itself. If you offer juice to your baby, limit it to about 4 ounces (118 milliliters) a day, and serve it in a cup. Too much juice may contribute to weight problems and diarrhea, as well as thwart your baby's appetite for more nutritious solid foods. Sipping juice throughout the day or while falling asleep may lead to tooth decay.
Know what's off-limits
Don't offer cow's milk, citrus or honey before age 1. Cow's milk doesn't meet an infant's nutritional needs. Cow's milk isn't a good source of iron and, for infants, cow's milk can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Citrus can cause a painful diaper rash, and honey may contain spores that can cause a serious illness known as botulism.
Don't offer your baby foods that pose a choking hazard, including:
* Small, slippery foods, such as whole grapes, hot dogs and hard candy
* Dry foods that are hard to chew, such as popcorn, raw carrots and nuts
* Sticky or tough foods, such as peanut butter and large pieces of meat
* Foods that may clump together, such as raisins
For babies younger than age 4 months, also avoid home-prepared spinach, beets, turnips and collard greens, which may contain high levels of potentially harmful compounds from soil (nitrates).
Make meals manageable
When your baby begins eating solid food, mealtime is sure to become an adventure. Here's help making it more enjoyable — for both you and your baby.
* Stay seated. At first, you may feed your baby in an infant seat or propped on your lap. As soon as your baby can sit easily without support, use a highchair with a broad, stable base. Buckle the safety straps, and keep other children from climbing or hanging on to the highchair.
* Encourage exploration. Your baby is likely to play with his or her food between bites. Although it's messy, hands-on fun helps fuel your baby's development. Place a dropcloth on the floor so you won't worry about falling food.
* Introduce utensils. Offer your baby a spoon to hold while you feed him or her with another spoon. As your baby's dexterity improves, encourage your baby to dip the spoon in food and bring it to his or her mouth.
* Offer a cup. Feeding your baby breast milk or formula from a cup at mealtime can help pave the way for weaning from a bottle. By age 9 months, your baby may be able to drink from a cup on his or her own.
* Dish individual servings. Your baby may eat just a few teaspoons of food at a time. If you feed your baby directly from a jar or container, bacteria and saliva from the spoon can quickly spoil any leftovers. Instead, place small amounts of food in a separate dish. The same goes for finger foods. If your baby finishes the first serving, offer another.
* Avoid power struggles. If your baby turns away from a certain food, don't push. Simply try again another time. And again. And again, if necessary! Repeated exposure can help ensure variety in your baby's diet.
* Know when to call it quits. When your baby has had enough to eat, he or she may turn away from the spoon, lean backward, or refuse to open his or her mouth. Don't force extra bites. As long as your baby's growth is on target, you can be confident that he or she is getting enough to eat.
Enjoy your baby's sloppy tray, gooey hands and sticky face. You're building the foundation for a lifetime of healthy eating
Most babies are ready for solid foods between ages 4 months and 6 months. Here's when — and how — to make the transition from breast milk or formula to solid foods.
Does your baby seem interested in what you're eating? Does your baby open his or her mouth if you offer a spoon? It might be time to introduce solid foods. But don't retire those bottles or nursing pillows just yet. Make the transition to solid foods gradually.
Is your baby ready for solid foods?
Breast milk or formula is the only food your newborn needs. Within four to six months, however, your baby will begin to develop the coordination to move solid food from the front of the mouth to the back for swallowing. At the same time, your baby's head control will improve and he or she will learn to sit with support — essential skills for eating solid foods.
Most babies are ready to begin eating solid foods as a complement to breast-feeding or formula-feeding between ages 4 months and 6 months. Look for these cues:
* Can your baby hold his or her head in a steady, upright position?
* Can your baby sit with support?
* Is your baby interested in what you're eating?
If you answer no to any of these questions, you may want to postpone solids for a while.
What to serve when
Continue feeding your baby breast milk or formula as usual. When your baby's doctor or dietitian says it's OK to begin supplementing your baby's liquid diet:
* Start with baby cereal. Mix 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of a single-grain, iron-fortified baby cereal with 4 to 5 teaspoons (20 to 25 milliliters) of breast milk or formula. Many parents start with rice cereal. Even if the cereal barely thickens the liquid, resist the temptation to serve it from a bottle. Instead, help your baby sit upright and offer the cereal with a small spoon once or twice a day. Once your baby gets the hang of swallowing runny cereal, mix it with less liquid. For variety, you might offer single-grain oatmeal or barley cereals.
Some babies eat cereal with gusto right from the start. Others are less enthusiastic. Be patient. If your baby isn't interested, wait a week or two and try again.
* Add pureed meat, vegetables and fruits. Once your baby masters cereal, gradually introduce pureed meat, vegetables and fruits. Offer single-ingredient foods at first, and wait one week between each new food. If your baby has a reaction to a particular food — such as diarrhea, rash or vomiting — you'll know the culprit.
* Offer finely chopped finger foods. By ages 8 months to 10 months, most babies can handle small portions of finely chopped finger foods, such as soft fruits, well-cooked pasta, graham crackers and ground meat. As your baby approaches his or her first birthday, mashed or chopped versions of whatever the rest of the family is eating will become your baby's main fare. Continue to offer breast milk or formula with and between meals.
To help prevent food allergies, parents were once encouraged to avoid feeding young children eggs, fish and peanut butter. Today, however, researchers say there's no convincing evidence that avoiding these foods during early childhood will help prevent food allergies. Still, it's a good idea to check with your baby's doctor or dietitian if any close relatives have a food allergy. And remember that peanut butter poses a choking hazard for babies.
What about juice?
You can offer mild, 100 percent fruit juices when your baby is 9 months old. Juice isn't a necessary part of a baby's diet, however, and it's not as valuable as the original fruit itself. If you offer juice to your baby, limit it to about 4 ounces (118 milliliters) a day, and serve it in a cup. Too much juice may contribute to weight problems and diarrhea, as well as thwart your baby's appetite for more nutritious solid foods. Sipping juice throughout the day or while falling asleep may lead to tooth decay.
Know what's off-limits
Don't offer cow's milk, citrus or honey before age 1. Cow's milk doesn't meet an infant's nutritional needs. Cow's milk isn't a good source of iron and, for infants, cow's milk can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Citrus can cause a painful diaper rash, and honey may contain spores that can cause a serious illness known as botulism.
Don't offer your baby foods that pose a choking hazard, including:
* Small, slippery foods, such as whole grapes, hot dogs and hard candy
* Dry foods that are hard to chew, such as popcorn, raw carrots and nuts
* Sticky or tough foods, such as peanut butter and large pieces of meat
* Foods that may clump together, such as raisins
For babies younger than age 4 months, also avoid home-prepared spinach, beets, turnips and collard greens, which may contain high levels of potentially harmful compounds from soil (nitrates).
Make meals manageable
When your baby begins eating solid food, mealtime is sure to become an adventure. Here's help making it more enjoyable — for both you and your baby.
* Stay seated. At first, you may feed your baby in an infant seat or propped on your lap. As soon as your baby can sit easily without support, use a highchair with a broad, stable base. Buckle the safety straps, and keep other children from climbing or hanging on to the highchair.
* Encourage exploration. Your baby is likely to play with his or her food between bites. Although it's messy, hands-on fun helps fuel your baby's development. Place a dropcloth on the floor so you won't worry about falling food.
* Introduce utensils. Offer your baby a spoon to hold while you feed him or her with another spoon. As your baby's dexterity improves, encourage your baby to dip the spoon in food and bring it to his or her mouth.
* Offer a cup. Feeding your baby breast milk or formula from a cup at mealtime can help pave the way for weaning from a bottle. By age 9 months, your baby may be able to drink from a cup on his or her own.
* Dish individual servings. Your baby may eat just a few teaspoons of food at a time. If you feed your baby directly from a jar or container, bacteria and saliva from the spoon can quickly spoil any leftovers. Instead, place small amounts of food in a separate dish. The same goes for finger foods. If your baby finishes the first serving, offer another.
* Avoid power struggles. If your baby turns away from a certain food, don't push. Simply try again another time. And again. And again, if necessary! Repeated exposure can help ensure variety in your baby's diet.
* Know when to call it quits. When your baby has had enough to eat, he or she may turn away from the spoon, lean backward, or refuse to open his or her mouth. Don't force extra bites. As long as your baby's growth is on target, you can be confident that he or she is getting enough to eat.
Enjoy your baby's sloppy tray, gooey hands and sticky face. You're building the foundation for a lifetime of healthy eating
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